My Blankie

My name most likely ought to have been Linus, from The Peanuts, rather than Clara in light of the fact that I pressed with my child familiar object wherever with me until I was eleven years of age. The front was turquoise blue with insane shaded wilderness creatures: there were pink lions, orange elephants, green hippopotamus, yellow monkeys, and purple giraffes. The back was splendid orange and it was loaded down with the gentlest cotton batting. My Grandmother made it for me and from the day I was conceived it never walked out on me. My security blanket was my closest companion, it was consistently there to cause me to feel safe, and to ensure me around evening time. Most days we would play dolls together. At that point here and there when I needed to be a superhuman I would tie my familiar object around my neck and we would go around the yard. It was even my parachute the day I chose to hop off of the top of the animal dwellingplace. (That is a long story for an alternate day). Around evening time when my Mom would fold me into bed I would cuddle my familiar object under my jawline; as I was nodding off I would rub its cushioned non-abrasiveness against my cheek . It was there to shield me from my sister’s unnerving sleep time stories, tempests, and the beasts under the bed. For whatever length of time that my familiar object was close to me, I was strong. As I grew up I quit playing with my familiar object. Despite the fact that I laid down with it around evening time I understood I wasn’t going to have the option to keep it with me until the end of time. My sister prodded me all the time that lone infants lay down with familiar objects and my Mom continued disclosing to me that I expected to toss that â€Å"old thing† way. When I was eleven my familiar object was looking really worn out. The batting was totally bunched up in clusters and there were gaps in it where the material was breaking down. This is the point at which I at long last concluded the time had come to store my security blanket away not on the grounds that I didn’t need it any more but since I didn’t need to decimate something I adored to such an extent. I truly missed my dear companion on the evenings when the beasts and tempests appeared to be overpowering. Not at all like Linus, I in the long run grew out of my familiar object yet I always remembered it. I despite everything have it securely concealed in a defensive box under my bed, alongside some different keepsakes that were essential to me growing up. There have been times throughout my life that it would have been ideal to have a worked in companion that wouldn’t judge me for the manner in which I looked or abandon me in the event that we had a contradiction; to have that warm feeling that all is well with the world to nestle up with around evening time. On the off chance that it were inside my methods I would make familiar objects for everybody since life is too short to not have one little smidgen of expectation, an ounce of certainty, or a suspicion that all is well and good.

Faisal -business development of small-scale businesses in saudi arabia Dissertation

Faisal - business improvement of little scope organizations in saudi arabia - Dissertation Example A concise sweep of the significant hypotheses and the difficulties to them are as per the following: Firm size: According to Schiffer and Weder, the overarching supposition that will be that SMEs have a greater number of issues than huge firms in light of their size. The reasons preferring huge firms incorporate economies of scale and section costs; political impact; and more prominent perceivability. Life Cycle versus Age: Masurel and Montfort (2006) broke down the phases in the existence pattern of little and medium scale endeavors, specifically in the expert administrations area, and recognizing one phase from the other. Four phases were recognized †beginning; development; development; and decay. First three phases show an enhancement in quite a while, increment in separation of work power, and increment in labor efficiency. In the last stage, every one of these measures decline. These stages, instead of the firm’s age, are what decide its development. ... As to imaginativeness as a factor in itself, Masurel, et al (2003), Nijkamp (2000) found that the component of authority encourages innovativeness in the administration of SMEs are determinative of inventive conduct. Structure: Laforet and Tann (2006) and Tidd, et al. (2001) express that there is a profoundly huge contrast among structure and development. This shows advancement doesn't grow well under various leveled structures, primarily as a result of elevated levels of administration, and compliment SME structures will in general lead to progressively effective creative endeavors. Then again, Wei Xiuli and Juan Zhao (2009) qualifies this, expressing the ideal line structure of SMEs should think about the regular authoritative structure of the business, the development of the firm, the particular stage it is in, and different elements that sway on the firm’s execution. Key Alliances: Booz, Allen and Hamilton, (n.d.) appeared in their examinations that SMEs will profit throug h the foundation of agreeable courses of action with different associations and organizations. Uniting helps ease costs by sharing mastery, resources, costs, and hazard without the requirement for money, obligation or exchanging value. In numerous cases, coordinating gatherings resort to dealing. Research targets It is reasonable that little and medium scale ventures are only here and there made the subject of scholastic research, due to the numerous variables that are seen to impact this section of the business, the examinations seem, by all accounts, to be divided in that such a large number of suppositions are made with respect to the kind of industry and the details of the organization (cutting edge or low-tech, administration or assembling, fire up or develop, large scale manufacturing or hand crafted, etc). This examination consequently

Research Graphic Organizer Essay

Compose your postulation articulation about the Effectiveness of Advertising in the space gave underneath. Incorporate past areas into this record before presenting this Research Graphic Organizer. Pick a subject: Technology; Sports Equipment; Clothing; Food Questions to look into: Are commercials focused on adolescents compelling? Furthermore, would they say they are moral? My Response: truly, in light of the fact that it looks more style and I think its shape configuration can be increasingly acknowledged for a large portion of youngsters. Obviously they are moral, since I accept that they don’t need to fail. And furthermore carry all the more high-innovation to improve the people’s life. Sources Title, URL, and Date of Access Focal Idea http://store.sony.com/xperia-z2-tablet-16gbâ€zid27-SGP511/B/feline 27-catid-All-Xperia-Tablets?_t=pfm%3Dcategory 11/4 A tablet for all that you need. Proposal Statement: A tablet for all that you need. Furthermore, increasingly closer to your life. What's more, bring more accommodation for the individuals who are going to utilize their items. Like this tablet is more greater than past tablets, and the quality additionally moreâ advanced. Likewise the water verification is one of the most appealing focuses to this tablets. Layout: Title: Tablet Proposal Statement: Given that more elements of tablets are designed. Tablet turns out to be all the more closer to your life. I. It utilized the new capacity â€Å"waterproof† to persuade their clients to purchase their items. A. In fact its waterproof is genuinely a development. II. The weight is lighter than previously. A. This system is extremely significant for the individuals who are generally utilizing the telephone or tablet, the most lighter their tablets are, the more advantageous they have. Passage: The tablet is extremely successful when they promoting to the young people. First the waterproof, why sony needs to do the waterproof for their tablets, it is on the grounds that these days youngsters will in general utilize electronic gadgets, they may in any event, utilizing gadgets in the bathroom. So the system is utilizing teenagers’ inclination to create fitting capacity of their tablets so as to draw in more clients to build their salary.

Supreme Court Seminar - Free Essay Example

Anti-Perverse Incentives: Understanding military detention motives in light of the War on Terror and establishing a workable review process I. Introduction The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that no citizen may be detained by the government without due process of law.[footnoteRef:1] The liberty interest represented in that amendment is specifically protected through habeas corpus, the ability of federal courts to review detentions for due process and grant further review of base-less detentions. Article 1, Section 9 of the Constitution provides that â€Å"[t]he privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.†[footnoteRef:2] The Supreme Court and the legislature have enshrined significant protections of this right, particularly in the instance of criminal detentions. [1: U.S. Const. amend. V. ] [2: U.S. Const. art. I  § 9, cl. 2. ] The advent of the War on Terror and the resulting conflict in the Middle East have evoked significant challenges for habeas petitions, particularly the level of review that Article III courts can and should exercise over the military’s detention of those suspected of being or known to be terrorists. In 2017, the American military detained an American citizen, known as John Doe in court documents, in Iraq. The military detained Doe because he supported the Islamic State in committing war crimes against the United States in Syria. Doe remained in Iraq under military detention for over a year before filing a petition for habeas corpus in federal court in the United States. He contended that his detention was illegal and that he was entitled to habeas review in a federal court. Although the Doe v. Mattis case has ultimately resolved, in an anti-climactic fashion, the litigation illustrates significant questions about executive detention, the scope of habeas review, military power, and national security. Viewed against the light of both the Guantanamo Bay litigation and the national security interests of the United States military, these developments are pressing and must be resolved. In Boumediene and its progeny, the Supreme Court enunciated a list of factors that courts should consider when analyzing whether there is adequate review of any particular executive detention. These factors are intended to clearly secure the rights of individuals against the government’s power to detain them, while recognizing that the government must also act in the interest of the nation and detain those who threaten that interest. Those factors are intended to prevent situations like the one that Japanese-American citizens experienced in the aftermath of Pearl Harborà ¢â‚¬â€individuals must have a right to vindicate their liberty rights against unjustified executive detentions. Generally, the Boumediene factors function well to analyze and prevent unjustified executive detentions. However, the factors do not account for the incentives that drive the military to detain and question individuals solely in a military context. Further, the factors as applied in a military context create a worse situation than that they seek to remedy—the military must accomplish its purpose and applying the Boumediene factors to its detention of terrorists merely causes the military to utilize other, less reviewable methods in order to secure mission success. The Supreme Court and lower federal courts should take the factors that underly military detentions into account when analyzing whether habeas review is appropriate for those detained as enemy combatants. Rather than using a blunt instrument to balance the government’s interest in national security against the citizens’ liberty interests, the Court should take full account of both interests and accurately consider the incentives at play in the context of military detention. Ultimately, where the Court allows the military to detain individuals at fault for crimes against the United States, those individuals can be tried without article III courts but with adequate due process—namely through the military court martial process. II. The Lay of the Land: Boumediene The Boumediene decision provides a number of factors that courts may employ to analyze the necessity of habeas review over executive detentions. Before the court reached the merits question, however, it rightfully analyzed the historical background surrounding the writ of habeas corpus in order to put these factors into context. As Justice Kennedy wrote in the Boumediene majority, â€Å"The Framers viewed freedom from unlawful restraint as a fundamental precept of liberty, and they understood the writ of habeas corpus as a vital instrument to secure that freedom.†[footnoteRef:3] However, even the modern Court does not agree on exactly what the historical writ of habeas corpus entailed. Justices Kennedy, Scalia, and Roberts each provided a differing historical analysis within their respective opinions, and each provides part of the background necessary to understand the modern landscape of habeas doctrine. [3: Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723, 739 (2008).] a. Dueling Accounts: Historical Basis of habeas corpus i. Justice Kennedy Justice Kennedy’s majority opinion in Boumediene characterized the historical analysis surrounding habeas review as asking whether an individual is barred from seeking review.[footnoteRef:4] In his opinion, Justice Kennedy ultimately concluded that the Boumediene petitioners were entitled to habeas review because neither their status nor their physical location in Guantanamo Bay prevented habeas review in the historical context of that writ.[footnoteRef:5] In support of this conclusion, Justice Kennedy cited sources ranging from Magna Carta through the Eisentrager decision arising from the Allies’ post-World War II detentions in Germany.[footnoteRef:6] [4: Id. at 739, 746-47, 752. ] [5: Id. at 752. ] [6: Id. at 739-64. ] First, Justice Kennedy analyzed the historical basis of habeas as embodied in Magna Carta.[footnoteRef:7] The English princes involved in Magna Carta’s drafting chose to include within that document the same fundamental protection that the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment codified in the United States: no Englishman could be imprisoned contrary to the law of the land.[footnoteRef:8] Magna Carta did not, however, include an enforcement mechanism to vindicate this right against abuse.[footnoteRef:9] Ultimately, English citizens and the English crown turned to the writ of habeas corpus as this necessary mechanism.[footnoteRef:10] The English courts, acting as instruments of the Crown, could issue the writ to probe the authority of any jailer to hold a citizen prisoner, ensuring a form of due process protections: the right of the sovereign to review its agents’ actions whenever they impair a citizen’s fundamental liberty interest.[footnoteRef:11] [7: Id. at 739. ] [8: Art. 39, in Sources of Our Liberties 17 (R. Perry J. Cooper, eds. 1959).] [9: Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 739. ] [10: Id. ] [11: Id. at 741, citing 2 J. Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States  § 1341, 237 (3d. ed. 1858). ] One example of this philosophy that Justice Kennedy analyzes is Darnel’s Case, which concerned citizens who were imprisoned for refusing to lend money to the crown.[footnoteRef:12] The writ was denied in that case, as the King merely issued a warrant in response to the petition, but the English Parliament ultimately secured the petition for habeas corpus through procedures codified in the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679.[footnoteRef:13] The American Colonies ultimately based their habeas statutes on this Act.[footnoteRef:14] Kennedy concluded â€Å"that the Framers considered the writ a vital instrument for the protection of individual liberty† and as such took immense care in prevention the Executive branch from suspending the writ at will.[footnoteRef:15] [12: Darnel’s Case, 3 How. St. Tr. 1 (K. B. 1627).] [13: Habeas Corpus Act of 1679, 31 Car. 2, ch. 2, Statutes of the Realm, at 935.] [14: See Rex A. Collings, Jr., Habeas Corpus for Convicts—Constitutional R ight or Legislative Grace, 40 Cal. L. Rev. 335, 338-39 (1952).] [15: Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 743.] The historical records surrounding the Suspension Clause support this conclusion to some extent, referring to the writ as a method of ensuring limited government and embodying checks and balances.[footnoteRef:16] The Suspension Clause assumes that Americans are entitled to judicial review of any detention in order to prevent abuses of executive power.[footnoteRef:17] However Kennedy goes a step further, extending that right to judicial review to aliens as well as American citizens, citing common law precedent in Somersett’s Case,[footnoteRef:18] King v. Schiever,[footnoteRef:19] and the Case of Three Spanish Sailors.[footnoteRef:20] Ultimately Kennedy depended on these precedents and others[footnoteRef:21] to shape his understanding that the fundamental question in modern habeas litigation is whether or not review is precluded by some attribute of the particular detention—namely the detainee’s status or the location of detention.[footnoteRef:22] [16: See 3 Debate s in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution 460-64 (J. Elliot 2d ed. 1876); The Federalist No. 84. ] [17: See U.S. Const., art. I,  § 9, cl. 2. ] [18: 20 How. St. Tr. 1, 80-82 (1772) (granting habeas to an African slave).] [19: 2 Burr. 765, 97 Eng. Rep. 551 (K. B. 1759) (denying habeas to prisoners of war). ] [20: 2 Black. W. 1324, 96 Eng. Rep. 775 (C. P. 1779) (denying habeas to prisoners of war).] [21: See, e.g., De Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 1 (1904); Dooley v. United States, 182 U.S. 222 (1901); Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901). ] [22: Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 748. ] ii. Justice Scalia Justice Scalia, in stark contrast to Justice Kennedy, focused his dissenting opinion on whether the petitioners were entitled to habeas review at all.[footnoteRef:23] Justice Scalia emphasized and reiterated the Court’s reasoning in Johnson v. Eisentrager, where Justice Jackson wrote that there had been â€Å"no instance where a court †¦ has issued [the writ of habeas corpus] on behalf of an alien enemy who, at no relevant time and in no stage of his captivity, has been within its territorial jurisdiction. Nothing in the text of the Constitution extends such a right.†[footnoteRef:24] [23: Id. at 827-50 (Scalia, J., dissenting). ] [24: Johnson v. Eisentrager, 339 U.S. 763, 770-71 (1950).] Justice Scalia first turned to an in-depth analysis of Eisentrager.[footnoteRef:25] The petitioners in Eisentrager were Germans who had originally been detained in China and ultimately transferred to an American base in Germany to finish out their terms of detention.[footnoteRef:26] The Court there held that the German soldiers did not have a right to habeas review because they were not American citizens, they had not entered the United States’ sovereign territory at any relevant time, and they were not being held in the United States.[footnoteRef:27] [25: Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 836-43.] [26: Eisentrager, 339 U.S. at 777. ] [27: Id.] Similarly, Scalia looked to Eisentrager’s sister decision in Reid v. Covert, which concerned an American civilian who murdered her husband in England.[footnoteRef:28] There, the Court affirmed that American citizens do have constitutional habeas protections while detained abroad—they cannot be tried and convicted by military court martial under ordinary circumstances—but as Justice Scalia noted in his Boumediene dissent, the Court limited its reasoning to the fact that Ms. Reid was an American citizen.[footnoteRef:29] Nowhere in the Reid or Eisentrager decisions was, at least in Justice Scalia’s reading, any indication that habeas review extended to non-citizen alien combatants like the detainees were in Boumediene. [28: Reid v. Covert, 354 U.S. 1, 13 (1957). ] [29: Id. at 5-6 (plurality opinion). ] Justice Scalia read these decisions and their historical context to frame the question of modern habeas litigation as whether the petitioner was entitled to habeas review at all.[footnoteRef:30] He further examined the sources that Justice Kennedy cited, finding no support for the idea that non-citizens detained outside of a nation’s sovereign territory were entitled to habeas review.[footnoteRef:31] This starkly contrasts with Justice Kennedy’s historical analysis, which defined the fundamental inquiry of habeas litigation as whether the pre-existent right to habeas was precluded—granting as a preliminary matter that such review was available, even to aliens.[footnoteRef:32] Justice Scalia fiercely disagreed with Justice Kennedy’s analysis, writing in his dissent: [30: Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 836-43 (Scalia, J., dissenting).] [31: Id. at 847-48.] [32: See id. at 836-43. ] There is simply no support for the Court’s assertion that constitutional rights extend to aliens held outside U.S. sovereign territory, and Eisentrager could not be clearer that the privilege of habeas corpus does not extend to aliens abroad. . . . the Nation will live to regret what the Court has done today.[footnoteRef:33] [33: Id. at 841, 850.] These historical analyses, though drastically different, paved the way for Justice Kennedy to enshrine the functional test that he laid out in Boumediene’s majority opinion: habeas review is available to aliens, even those held outside of U.S. sovereign territory, where certain conditions are met as weighed by the district court.[footnoteRef:34] [34: Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723, 729 (2008).] b. Factors in granting habeas review i. Citizenship and Status – Doe v. Mattis The Boumediene decision first focused on the citizenship and status of the detainee.[footnoteRef:35] Where the detainee is a United States citizen, habeas review must be available, absent a valid suspension.[footnoteRef:36] Where the detainee is not a citizen, however, the line becomes more blurred.[footnoteRef:37] The inquiry then depends on the detainee’s status as an enemy combatant, and the process afforded them while that their captors determine that status.[footnoteRef:38] The questions elicited by Eisentrager and Reid came to prominence again in the past year, when the D.C. Circuit considered the case of John Doe, a dual Saudi-American citizen held in Iraq for committing war crimes against the United States.[footnoteRef:39] Doe’s detention posed complicated habeas questions, particularly once the military attempted to transfer Doe to the custody of another nation or release him in Syria where he was originally detained. [footnoteRef:40] Ultimately, pointing to th e fact that Doe was ultimately a U.S. citizen, the courts involved found that he was entitled to habeas review of some sort, and that habeas protections (such as required notice before transfer to another sovereign) applied.[footnoteRef:41] Where the detainee is not a citizen, however, the inquiry must turn on the individual’s status as an enemy combatant and the process by which the government made that determination.[footnoteRef:42] [35: Id. at 766. ] [36: See Reid v. Covert, 354 U.S. at 10-12.] [37: See Eisentrager, 339 U.S. 763 (1950). Some scholars argue that the Court should adopt a presumption against extraterritorial application of the Constitution to avoid this blurred line. See John H. Knox, A Presumption Against Extrajurisdictionality, 104 Am. J. Int’l L. 351 (2010). ] [38: Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 766-67. ] [39: ACLU v. Mattis, 286 F. Supp. 3d 53, 54 (D.D.C. 2017). ] [40: Ernesto Hernandez-Lopez, 71 Okla. L. Rev. ___, (2019) (manuscript at 8) (forthcoming). ] [41: See Doe v. Mattis, 889 F.3d 745 (D.C. Cir. 2018); Doe v. Mattis, 288 F. Supp. 3d 195 (D.D.C. 2018). ] [42: See Eisentrager, 339 U.S. at 777; Shawn E. Fields, From Guantanamo to Syria: The Extraterritorial Constitution in the Age of Extreme Vetting, 39 Cardozo L. Rev. 1123, 1175-76 (2018). ] ii. Nature of detention and apprehension sites – Boumediene, Eisentrager, Al-Maqaleh Second, the decision discussed the nature and location of the sites of apprehension and detention—where was the individual detained, and were they held on a military installation or in a prison such as Guantanamo Bay, etc.[footnoteRef:43] This factor has been applied in cases ranging from Eisentrager, which denied habeas review because of the detention site being outside of United States’ control to Boumediene itself which found that Guantanamo was sufficiently close to within the sovereign control to merit habeas protections.[footnoteRef:44] The application of this factor was less clear, however, in the Al-Maqaleh case, where the detention site was somewhat less permanent than Guantanamo Bay as considered in Boumediene but somewhat more permanent than Landsberg Prison as contemplated in Eisentrager.[footnoteRef:45] [43: Id. ] [44: Eisentrager, 339 U.S. at 766; Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 768. ] [45: Al-Maqaleh v. Gates, 899 F. Supp. 2d 10 (D.C. Cir. 2012). ] In Al-Maqaleh, the D.C. Circuit considered the instance of detainees at Bagram Air Force Base in Afghanistan.[footnoteRef:46] These detainees were held for crimes committed in the context of the conflict in Afghanistan, and were held in anticipation of intended trials in Afghanistan by Afghan authorities.[footnoteRef:47] The court found some similarities between Bagram and Guantanamo Bay in that there was no distinct term of occupation at the Afghan base, after which the United States would withdraw from the base.[footnoteRef:48] However, the court ultimately found that Bagram was not equivalent to Guantanamo based on the fact that the military did not intend to establish a permanent military base in that location, and that the military held the detainees in question with the ultimate intent to transfer them to the Afghan authorities.[footnoteRef:49] This reasoning illustrates the importance of the site of detention, but also the intent behind that detention, to the exercise of habea s jurisdiction. [46: Id.] [47: Id. ] [48: Id. at 16-18. ] [49: Id. ] iii. Practical obstacles – Al-Maqaleh Finally, the decision discussed the practical challenges inherent in habeas review of the prisoner’s habeas claim.[footnoteRef:50] By including these practical challenges in the calculus, the Court recognized that there are inherently difficult and complicated motivations that underly the military’s decision to detain an individual as a result of involvement with terrorist organizations.[footnoteRef:51] This factor is where Justice Scalia’s scathing dissent puts most of its weight: the intangible factors that face the military when detaining an individual, determining their status, and ultimately holding them or prosecuting them cannot be understated.[footnoteRef:52] [50: Id. ] [51: See id., see also Al-Maqaleh v. Gates, 605 F. Supp. 2d 84, 98 (D.C. Cir. 2010). ] [52: See Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 849-50 (Scalia, J., dissenting). ] In Boumediene, the Court articulated the practical obstacles with relative clarity, and rejected them.[footnoteRef:53] The de jure sovereignty that the United States enjoys at Guantanamo Bay belied claims that habeas jurisdiction would threaten the military’s fundamental mission there.[footnoteRef:54] The practical obstacles at play in Al-Maqaleh were more complex and weighed in favor of the government.[footnoteRef:55] As the D.C. Circuit wrote in its opinion: [53: Id. at 769-71 (majority opinion). ] [54: Id.] [55: Al-Maqaleh, 605 F. Supp. at 97-99. ] [T]he third factor, that is the practical obstacles inherent in resolving the prisoners entitlement to the writ, particularly when considered along with the second factor, weighs overwhelmingly in favor of the position of the United States. It is undisputed that Bagram, indeed the entire nation of Afghanistan, remains a theater of war. Not only does this suggest that the detention at Bagram is more like the detention at Landsberg than Guantanamo, the position of the United States is even stronger in this case than it was in Eisentrager.[footnoteRef:56] [56: Id.] The Bagram detainees are more similar to the majority of modern detainees than the detainees at issue in Boumediene. Due to the failure of Guantanamo Bay, most detainees are no longer held there.[footnoteRef:57] Although this may not be because the government wishes to avoid habeas jurisdiction and merely because the military has adapted to a modern theater of war, it is worth noting the problems that habeas review poses for military interests.[footnoteRef:58] As the Al-Maqaleh court emphasized, the fact that these individuals were detained in an active theater of war meant that trying them and extending habeas jurisdiction over their detentions would severely hamper the ability of the military to accomplish its core mission effectively.[footnoteRef:59] Although no decision can lay out an exhaustive list of the practical considerations that could hamper military operations if habeas jurisdiction were extended, the Boumediene, Eisentrager, and Al-Maqaleh decisions do emphasize the bur den that habeas jurisdiction would put on military operations in extra-territorial contexts. [57: Human Rights First, Facts About the Transfer of Guantanamo Detainees, (Oct. 10, 2018), https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/resource/facts-about-transfer-guantanamo-detainees. See also Al-Maqaleh, 605 F. Supp. at 98-99. ] [58: See Al-Maqaleh, 605 F. Supp. at 98-99.] [59: Id.] III. Uphill Both Ways: The Failures of Boumediene The practical considerations prong of Boumediene is vitally important when considering the instances of military detentions resulting from the War on Terror. The Boumediene decision, and Justice Kennedy’s presumption that detainees enjoy a right to habeas review unless something precludes the exercise of that review, create significant perverse incentives for the military to attempt to avoid habeas jurisdiction in order to effectively protect and defend the United States and her national security.[footnoteRef:60] These incentives manifest in a number of methods that the military can use to effectively detain those who threaten the security of the United States without the heavy burden of proving the adequacy of the basis for that detention to an Article III court. [60: See Satvinder S. Juss, Human Rights and America’s War on Terror ch. 8 (2018).] a. Doe v. Mattis – Transfer One such incentive is illustrated through the Doe v. Mattis saga: the United States could transfer detainees to other sovereigns.[footnoteRef:61] The military ultimately transferred John Doe to Bahrain and cancelled his American passport.[footnoteRef:62] Although the litigation did produce some consequential rulings, such as that regarding the notice required before transferring an American citizen detainee, it is fundamentally useful to illustrate the post-Boumediene incentive to transfer detainees to the custody of other nations. Doing so effectively circumvents the possible habeas jurisdiction required under Boumediene, but still provides some effect to the military’s national security purpose of incapacitating the individuals it detains. [61: See Robert Chesney, Doe v. Mattis Ends With a Transfer and a Cancelled Passport: Lessons Learned, Lawfare (Oct. 29, 2018) https://www.lawfareblog.com/doe-v-mattis-ends-transfer-and-cancelled-passport-lessons-learned. ] [62: Id.] However, this practice will ultimately make it even more difficult for detainees to challenge their detentions at all.[footnoteRef:63] As Daniel Meltzer emphasized in the Supreme Court Review, the geographic element in the Boumediene decision creates: [63: Daniel J. Meltzer, Habeas Corpus, Suspension, and Guantà ¡namo: The Boumediene Decision, 2008 Sup. Ct. Rev. 1, 33, n. 137.] [I]ncentives for officials to hold detainees in some places and not others in order to avoid the risk of judicial review. If aliens â€Å"truly† abroad are outside habeas jurisdiction, military officials may hesitate to bring them from foreign countries to Guantanamo or the United States, where the conditions of confinement might be more secure or humane but where habeas jurisdiction would attach. The only way to avoid some kind of perverse incentive is to establish a fully worldwide jurisdiction, and even that would not eliminate incentives to escape judicial review—for the United States could still engage in extraordinary rendition, for example, so that detainees are no longer in American custody. We know that the government already has engaged in such actions, sometimes with horrifying results. There is, in short, no simple solution to the incentives problem.[footnoteRef:64] [64: Id.] In a similar vein, though much less well documented, the Boumediene factors create an incentive to have any other country besides the United States detain individuals, though the United States military would retain access to those individuals for questioning. More frightening still is the incentive that some have identified to kill suspected terrorists rather than detaining them after Boumediene.[footnoteRef:65] [65: Nathaniel H. Nesbitt, Meeting Boumediene’s Challenge: The Emergence of an Effective Habeas Jurisprudence and Obsolescence of New Detention Legislation, 95 Minn. L. Rev. 244, 275, n.177 (2010) (â€Å"Indeed, mandating that all suspected terrorists face trial in federal court would undercut the government’s incentives to pursue legal remedies and would create perverse incentives, including making more attractive the option of killing suspected terrorists rather than risk a loss in federal court. E.g., Capture or Kill? Lawyers Eye Options For Terrorists (NPR radio broadcast Oct. 8, 2009), available at https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113612058 (â€Å"Many national security experts interviewed for this story agree that it has become so hard for the U.S. to detain people that in many instances, the U.S. government is killing them instead.†)†). ] b. Practical Challenges – unable to detain and try properly The second major category of incentives and problems with Boumediene is that federal courts are relatively inept in their ability to try those accused of terrorism.[footnoteRef:66] The evidentiary and jurisdictional burdens alone in federal court pose significant obstacles to an effective prosecution of terrorists in Article III courts while still protecting fundamental government interests.[footnoteRef:67] Evidentiary issues including double and triple hearsay pose significant challenges to effectively proving criminal cases against detainees.[footnoteRef:68] As the District Court noted in Ahmed v. Obama, [66: Id.] [67: See id. See also, e.g. Bostan v. Obama, 662 F. Supp. 2d 1, 5 (D.D.C. 2009); Ahmed v. Obama, 613 F. Supp. 2d 51, 56 (D.D.C. 2009). ] [68: Id. ] â€Å"The kind and amount of evidence which satisfies the intelligence community . . . certainly cannot govern the Court’s ruling.†[footnoteRef:69] [69: 613 F. Supp. 2d 51, 56 (D.D.C. 2009). ] IV. The Path Less Taken: Courts Martial as alternatives to habeas review The decision in Boumediene, the resulting cases, the factors that they illustrate, and the perverse incentives they create all lend support to the conclusion that some review of military detentions is important. As the Court rightly noted in Boumediene, separation of powers must be considered where any one branch may be able to exercise ultimate power and avoid scrutiny by other branches.[footnoteRef:70] Ultimately, the military is not a prison agency—their purpose is to defend the United States from attack—and there should be some method for reviewing the military’s decision to detain an individual and deprive them of their fundamental liberty. It does not follow, however, that the best avenue for that review is to open Article III courts to those that the military chooses to detain in connection with its national security mission. Justice Scalia emphasized this in his dissent in Boumediene, writing: [70: Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 743.] Today the Court warps our Constitution in a way that goes beyond the narrow issue of the reach of the Suspension Clause . . . It sets our military commanders the impossible task of proving to a civilian court, under whatever standards this Court devises in the future, that evidence supports the confinement of each and every enemy prisoner.[footnoteRef:71] [71: Id. at 849-50 (Scalia, J., dissenting). ] The cases discussed above illustrate the fundamental challenges that face the military when detaining, and ultimately prosecuting, those detained in the context of the War on Terror in particular. Rather than opening Article III courts to these detainees through habeas review, the Supreme Court would be better suited to direct the vindication of these liberty interests through the military justice system, which affords many of the benefits of Article III courts and habeas review, but which is more adaptable to the unique challenges of prosecuting those suspected of terrorist acts and those detained by the military. Courts martial can remedy the jurisdictional, evidentiary, and practical challenges of reviewing the military’s detention of suspected terrorists, such as John Doe, without compromising the government’s fundamental interests. a. Jurisdiction of Courts Martial As discussed above, the right of habeas corpus as originally codified did not clearly apply to detentions that took place outside of the territory of the United States.[footnoteRef:72] The factors that Boumediene enunciated apply to detainees extraterritorially, but the functional approach that Boumediene enunciates emphasizes that the military must still have some reason for making those detentions.[footnoteRef:73] In the case of Doe v. Mattis, and other cases arising from the War on Terror, the basis for these detentions is the Authorization for the Use of Military Force, passed by Congress after the attacks on September 11, 2001.[footnoteRef:74] This act permits the President to take military action against all responsible for the attacks on September 11 and any associated forces.[footnoteRef:75] It also supports the jurisdictional foundation for military detention. The Court in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld held that â€Å"enemy combatants† who were involved in military attacks agains t the United States (in that case specifically in Afghanistan) could be detained under the AUMF.[footnoteRef:76] Detaining these individuals, the Court reasoned, was fundamentally incident to the act of waging war, and that Congress had specifically authorized the President to make such detentions as part of that war effort.[footnoteRef:77] The Court extended this reasoning on the same day as the Hamdi decision in Rasul v. Bush, holding that detainees must have some method of challenging their detentions.[footnoteRef:78] In Boumediene v. Bush, the Court elaborated on these precedents and established a number of factors that measure whether someone has adequate opportunity to challenge their detention.[footnoteRef:79] [72: See Johnson v. Eisentrager, 339 U.S. 763 (1950) (discussing the case of German individuals detained in China and eventually transferred to an American air base in Germany). ] [73: See Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723 (2008).] [74: See Authorization for the Use of M ilitary Force (AUMF), Pub. L. No. 107-40, 115 Stat. 224 (2001) (codified at 50 U.S.C.  § 1541 note (2006)). ] [75: Id. ] [76: Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507, 517 (2004). ] [77: Id. ] [78: Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S. 466 (2004). ] [79: Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723, 729 (2008). ]

The Significance of Chapter 1 in Great Expectations by...

The Significance of Chapter 1 in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Great Expectations is a riveting book set in Victorian London and published in 1861. The novel is set in historical context and illustrates ideas of implication such as how the really interesting people could often be found in the lower classes, in the time of social division and where the shift from agriculture to industrial processes was contemporaneous. Nevertheless the plot contains significant relevance to modern day life in the subtle message that we can be happy as we are; we dont need always to aim higher at riches. This great novel is so successful as it applies to historical and contemporary issues alike in themes†¦show more content†¦He himself was enslaved in a blacking house at age 12. It is because of his experiences that he is not apprehensive in literal application of his moral and philosophical views on how the lives of the poor could be made more tolerable. Dickens has written many other articles stating his disapproval of mistreatment of people, the dan ger to their lives and even animal rights, this often comes across in his novels. Charles Dickens was a typical Victorian novelist concerned with issues of character, plot and the Victorian social world. He along with other novelists such as Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, George Eliot and Thomas Hardy revolutionised literature. Although Dickens is often perceived as the most vigorous writer with a style of writing that has irrepressible vengefulness (which can be seen for example by his descriptive language of a young boy humiliating Pip smirked extravagantlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦wriggling his elbows and body). This of course is merely opinion however. Chapter 1 is crucial to the whole plot as it introduces the idea of many themes to follow and informs us of basic information such as the characters name. The book is an example of a Bildungsroman which is the name for a book which describesShow MoreRelatedTale of Two Cities4458 Words   |  18 PagesBook I, Chapter 1: The Period 1. What is the chronological setting of this opening chapter? What clues enable us to determine The Period? 2. How does Dickens indicate the severity of social conditions in both France and England? 3. Who is the king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain face? 4. How does Dickens satirize the superstitious nature of the English? 5. What oblique reference does Dickens make to the American Revolution? 6. How in this chapter does DickensRead MoreEssay on Pips Relationship with Magwitch in Great Expectations3097 Words   |  13 PagesHow does Dickens use Pips relationship with Magwitch to interest the reader? -------------------------------------------------------------------- The novel called ‘Great Expectations’ written by Charles Dickens, uses a very unique relationship between two characters to form the main ‘stem’ of the book. Pip’s relationship with Abel Magwitch is extremely interesting because it is so significant. It is at the heart of the book mainly for the reason that it is the closest and deepest relationshipRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Chapters 1 through 8 of Great Expectations6805 Words   |  28 PagesAnalysis of Chapters 1 through 8 of Great Expectations Plot and Setting- The plot starts out with a little boy name Phillip Pirrip. It is a first person narrative about a boy back in the nineteenth century. The first eight chapters deal mostly with Pip’s childhood years. It also deals with who Pip is, and his family. In the beginning of the story Pip introduces himself, and introduces his dead parents. He is in the graveyard, and then a scary looking man comes up. The man threatens himRead Moreessay on dickins journey to niagra3989 Words   |  16 PagesDickens felt transported by the sublimity of  Niagara Falls  when he visited it on his 1842 journey to the  United States  and Canada. In a letter to Forster (26 April 1842), he said of Horseshoe Falls (the Canadian side of Niagara) that It would be hard for a man to stand nearer God than he does there (Letters 3: 210). Dickens proceeds to  effuse  over the beauty and majesty of the falls in a passage that forms the chief part of his description of his experienc e in American Notes, although the letterRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesFaustus Orlando Don Quixote A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Gesture Life Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Ghosts The Scarlet Letter Great Expectations Sister Carrie The Great Gatsby The Sound and Fury Gulliver’s Travels Sula Heart of Darkness The Sun Also Rises Invisible Man Their Eyes Were Watching God Joe Turner’s Come and Gone The Things They Carried King Lear The Turn ofRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthe text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When weRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16638 Words   |  67 PagesAdvertising and Communication via Advertising Contents Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Concept of advertising as an act of communication 7 1.1. Definition of Advertising 7 1.2. Communication and Advertising 8 1.3. Functions of Advertising 12 1.4. Image Advertising 14 1.5. Advertising Text and Slogan 15 1.6. Conclusion 16 Chapter 2. Language of advertising 18 2.1. General Characteristics of the Ad-sloganRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16651 Words   |  67 PagesCommunication via Advertising Contents Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Concept of advertising as an act of communication 7 1.1. Definition of Advertising 7 1.2. Communication and Advertising 8 1.3. Functions of Advertising 12 1.4. Image Advertising 14 1.5. Advertising Text and Slogan 15 1.6. Conclusion 16 Chapter 2. Language of advertising 18 2.1. General Characteristics of theRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readableRead MoreA Study on Delay in Disposal of Civil Litigation in Bangladesh Perspective8735 Words   |  35 PagesA STUDY ON DELAY IN DISPOSAL OF CIVIL LITIGATION IN BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE Historical Background:- The age old adage ‘Justice delayed Justice denied’ has control significance for meeting the ends of justice. Delayed justice in the means of inflicting injustice through process of law. Speedy disposal of case is an important condition of ends of justice. The laws contained themselves to protection of the weak against the economically strong. The fisc against corruption, the ignorant against the knowledgeable

Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essay - 1619 Words

Outline 1. Biography 2. Theory 3. Theory Application to Teaching 4. Works Cited Biography Abraham Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the first born of seven. His parents were uneducated Jewish immigrants from Russia to the United States before he was born. They came to America to get away from the harsh conditions and socio-political turmoil. His parents, hoping for their children to do better than they did, pushed for educational excellence. He grew up with almost no friends to play with because his father would make him study for long hours. When Maslow wasn’t busy studying, he was assisting his father to make end meet. He was a very lonely boy who spent a lot of his time with his nose in a book.†¦show more content†¦This analysis served as the basis of his theories and research on human potential. In 1951 he switched jobs and started worked at Brandels University until 1969. During the 1950’s Maslow became one of the founders and driving force behind the school of thought, known as humanistic psychology. His theories, hierarchy of needs, self-actualization and peak experienced became fundamental subjects in the humanist movement. Maslow argued that each person had a hierarchy of need that must be satisfied, ranging fro basis physiological requirements to love, esteem, and finally self-actualization. As each need is satisfied, the next higher level in the emotional hierarchy dominates conscious functioning. Struggling with ill health, Maslow decided to spend his final year in California where he was half retired. On June 8, 1970 he died of a heart attack. Theory Maslow first introduced his theory of a hierarchy of needs in a paper he wrote in 1943 called â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation,† and also in a book he wrote called Motivation and Personality. This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic need before moving on to other needs. His theory is most often shown in a pyramid where the lowest level of the pyramid represents the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid. The basic needs consist of the need for food, water, sleep and warmth.Show MoreRelatedAbraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The term motivation is derived from the Latin word movere, meaning to move. Motivation is the push of the mental forces to accomplish an action or goal willingly without being forced or told to do so. It is an unsatisfied need that drives human behavior to exert effort to reach the goals. For example we study because we are lack of knowledge; we work because we are lack of money. We will in turn be motivated by what we are lack of. Motivation techniques in the past were very differentRead More Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs When one thinks of what families do for each other, they will most likely think of care. More specifically they think of the care that a parent has for their child. Parents have to meet certain â€Å"needs† for the child in order for the its healthy survival. Children must be fed and clothed. Parents must also watch over the safety of and be the friends of the children. Cheering on in good times and making their child the best it can be are also responsibilitiesRead MoreAbraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The term motivation is derived from the Latin word movere, meaning to move. Motivation is the push of the mental forces to accomplish an action or goal willingly without being forced or told to do so. It is an unsatisfied need that drives human behavior to exert effort to reach the goals. For example we study because we are lack of knowledge; we work because we are lack of money. We will in turn be motivated by what we are lack of. Motivation techniques in the past were veryRead MoreAnalysis Of Abraham Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs898 Words   |  4 Pages Abraham Maslow theory on hierarchy of needs view humans as having tremendous potential for personals development. He believed it was human nature for people to seek to know more about themselves and strive to develop their capacities to the fullest. He viewed human nature as good and saw them striving for self-actualization as a positive process because it leads people to identify their abilities, to strive to develop them, to feel good as they become themselves, and to be beneficial toRead MoreAbraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is one of the first theories of motivation and probably the best-known one. It was first presented in 1943. in Dr. Abraham Maslow’s article A Theory of Human Motivation in Psychological Review, and was further expanded in his book â€Å"Toward a Psychology of Being†. Maslow tried to formulate a needs-based framework of human motivation. His research was based upon his clinical experiences with humans, rather than priorRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Abraham Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs945 Words   |  4 Pagesrealize that he needs to learn how to let go, that not every single person he meets will stay right beside him in his life. According to Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, when people strive to be the best versions of themselves, there are certain levels that they must pass. I feel that Harvey is fixated on the esteem level of the hierarchy since he focuses primarily on achievements (motivated by achievements), considering the fact that his other needs are met (basic needs, safety needs...). PersonalityRead MoreAbraham Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy Theory Essay1916 Words   |  8 Pagescan be motivated and the end result is that the organization Goals or targets achieved. This essay will revolve around the motivation three motivational theories and how the managers of the organization implement these theories by looking at the needs and expectations of the employees. Reference will be made throughout the essay to a case study of BEST BUY sales man (Michael V. Copeland, 2004). To know something about motivation we should getting through another way related somehow to psychologyRead MoreAbraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and the Road to Self-Actualization2459 Words   |  10 PagesAbraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and the Road to Self-Actualization PSY 330: Theories of Personality January 30th, 2012 Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs and the Road to Self-Actualization Abraham Maslow was an American theorist that was one of the advocates of humanistic psychology. He believed that self-actualization is â€Å"a situation that exists when a person is acting in accordance with his or her full potential† (Hergenhahn Read MoreThe Hawthrone Studiesdouglas | Mcgregors Theory X and Theory Y | Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs8409 Words   |  34 PagesHERE ARE NOT MY OWN WORDS. THIS PAPER WAS DONE FOR THE PURPOSE OF AN ASSIGNMENT. NO PROFIT WAS PLANNED TO BE MADE FROM THIS. ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT (ES24) Assignment The Hawthorne Studies Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs The Hawthorne Studies Hawthorne Studies The Hawthorne Studies are experiments which inspired Elton Mayo and others to develop the Human Relations Movement. These were conducted by the Western Electric Company of Chicago to measureRead MoreCompare and Contrast Clayton Paul Alderfers Erg Theory of Motivation and Abraham Maslows Needs Hierarchy1708 Words   |  7 PagesNeeds Theories Overview Needs-based motivation theories are based on the understanding that motivation stems from an individuals desire to fulfill or achieve a need. Human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and certain lower needs must be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. In general terms, motivation can be defined as the desire to achieve a goal, combined with the energy, determination and opportunity to achieve it. This Wiki explores Abraham H. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Regiment and Infantry Battalions free essay sample

In the Indian Army Regiments are of two kinds battalion-sized units of arms like the Armoured Corps, Artillery, Engineers, and Signals, or a specific mixture of Infantry battalions. In Artillery, the complete Artillery mass in the order of battle is known as the Regiment of Artillery. The Infantry Regiments are identified by their distinctive individual names; they have a Regimental Centre for training and equipping of the staff for the infantry battalions of the Regiment. The Centre maintains records of each soldier till he retires and is out of service.The Record office and the Pay and Accounts offices perform these functions. These Regimental Centres send qualified soldiers to infantry battalions which are assigned to tactical units Brigades and Divisions. The infantry battalions known by their individual Regimental number and name are active units fit to fight and carry out desired duties in the battle. The Regiments are headed by a Colonel, who is a high-ranking officer. We will write a custom essay sample on Regiment and Infantry Battalions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Colonel of the Regiment is the head of the family and is responsible for the protection of the best interests of the Regiment.He is almost always an officer of General rank who at one time served in the Regiment. The idea is that such a person would take personal interest in the well-being of the Regiment, its troops and its widows. The way the wounded and dead are handled in a battle is a powerful example of Regimental spirit. In the Regiments of Indian Army it is a matter of honour not to let a wounded comrade fall into enemy hands. Many a time special operations have been carried out to recover wounded soldiers.A major feature of the Regimental system has been to train young officers to ‘know their men better than their mothers do and care even more. ’ Practically it requires officers to learn the Regimental language in the shortest possible time; not to eat till their men are fed; excel their men in physical fitness and handling of weapons; become epitomes of military disciplines in punctuality, turnout, and thoroughness; play games with their men, spend time in their langars and dining rooms, coach them to be the best in the unit in all soldierly activities, sports and beha viour.They are guided by just one ideal that is, their performance and that of their men must be worthy of the good name of the Regiment. This system gives them a sense of belonging and a cause bigger than themselves and acts as a crucible for promoting espirit-de-corps. Regiments provide a living example of how Indians, without abandoning their religious belief or ethnic pride can whole heartedly work together for the good of the country.It is a brotherhood in which Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Christians try to excel in their service for the good name of their Regiment, Indian Army and the Country. Battle Honour days have been devised to remind all ranks of a Regiment of the achievements and sacrifices of their predecessors. There is nothing better than the study of Regimental history to understand these traditions and inculcate pride in them. Every opportunity is taken to remind the members of those achievements and traditions so that a high standard of behaviour, courage and comradeship is set.This is done through the Part-I orders, evening roll call time, lectures, unit Darbars and Mandir, Masjid, Gurudwara, Church parades. It is with this repeated treatment that a soldier learns to practice unselfishness and find roots and pride in the traditions of a Regiment. Hence, we can say that the Regiment becomes the religion of those who have the honour to serve in it. Did you know? ON JULY 27 1961, a speed boat, carrying three persons crossing the English Channel capsized and sank, leaving three crew members struggling for survival in the waters.On receiving the distress message, the RNAS Lee on Solent Control Tower issued a general rescue call, which was picked up by two helicopters in the area, belonging to the INS Vikrant. Lt Cdr Wadhwan and Lt Cdr Menon were flying a training mission in these helicopters leased from the French, when they proceeded for rescue. As only Wadhwan’s chopper was fitted with a rescue winch, Wadhwan and his aircrew man on board operated the winch and rescued all the three. This incident bought wide publicity in the British Papers for the Indian Navy.